Asbestos produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Fenton reactions likely facilitated by surface-available metals such as iron (Fe).
This process is facilitated by sperm surface proteins and leads to specific binding of the sperm surface-active component with the egg zona pellucida and, ultimately, sperm-egg fusion [ 21].
Increase in Cu nanoparticle adsorption is achieved by in situ reduction of Cu ions by photo-generated electrons, facilitated by ZnO surface defects that act as high energy sites favorable for Cu ion adsorption and their subsequent growth into nanoparticles.
The attachment of spheroids to the peritoneum has been shown to be facilitated by cell surface proteins such as CD44, collagen 1 and β1 integrin which facilitate adhesion to the mesothelial cells lining the peritoneal cavity [ 21, 22].
Once the mucosal layer has been breached, in vitro assays have demonstrated that adhesion of C. difficile cells to intestinal epithelial cells is facilitated by bacterial surface layer proteins [ 50].
Two pathways have evolved as targets for molecular imaging probes: (1) the extrinsic pathway that is facilitated by extracellular surface receptors and (2) the intrinsic pathway which involves the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.
Alongside the demonstrated discovery that mammalian cells are capable of electronically communicating with the external environment, facilitated by cell surface saccharides, we also have previously demonstrated for the first time that electron transfer from inside of yeast cells could occur to the external environment via the yeast cell wall, which is largely constituted of polysaccharides.
Thus, the transport of the nanoparticulate flurbiprofen may be facilitated by the surface-bound proteins mimicking endogenous lipoproteins via endocytosis by transporters such as LRP1.
Complex interactions between Gram-negative bacteria and their environment are facilitated by numerous surface-attached and exported macromolecules, some of which represent bacterial toxins and effectors.
Indeed, functional experiments have shown that the ability of plethodontids to adhere to vertical surfaces is facilitated by increased foot surface area and increased webbing, particularly as animals grow larger [ 26].
And the fast decline in compressive stress is the result of bond coat surface rumpling facilitated by the initially rougher surface.
