Theoretically and empirically it is of interest to know whether gene interactions can facilitate the evolution of diversity.
Such variation makes it difficult to design a vaccine that covers the full range of diversity, and could potentially facilitate the evolution of vaccine-resistant parasite strains.
Mongini et al. [49] found that the presence of anxiety considerably increases the level of muscle tenderness in the head and, even more, in the neck, and might facilitate the evolution into chronic headache forms.
Diffuse noxious inhibitory control [70] failure may also be involved in extensive pain hypersensitivity, as chronic migraine patients frequently report diffuse somatic pain [73], suggesting that the same factors that facilitate the evolution from episodic to chronic migraine may also predispose patients to FM comorbidity.
They are generally used to target the innate immune response, which further facilitate the evolution of the adaptive immune response (Pashine et al., 2005; Reed et al., 2009) and mediate the balance between humoral and cellular immunity (Brunner et al., 2010).
In patients with episodic migraine, the presence of psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety or depression or both, facilitate the evolution of the headache into the chronic form [8]. Patients with migraine, anxiety, and chronic depression also had poor health-related quality of life (QOL) [9].
Marples et al., however, showed that dietary conservationism (long-term neophobia) in predators could facilitate the evolution of warning coloration if predators avoid novel morphs for a long enough period of time.
Moreover, high phylogenetic and antigenic distances between vaccines and circulating strains may facilitate the evolution of virulent NDV [75].
If there is a roughly constant mutation rate among phenotypes, then tag based models can facilitate the evolution of cooperation even in well-mixed (non-spatial) populations.
The correlations between Phanerozoic atmospheric oxygen fluctuations and insect body size suggest that higher oxygen levels facilitate the evolution of larger size in insects.
Also, they outline how selection may have acted on gene networks that affect reproductive resource allocation and behavior to facilitate the evolution of social foraging in honey bees.
