Since poorer and richer households face different constraints that result in differences in portfolio holdings, poorer and richer households may have been impacted differently due to the recession.
It follows that the level of debt matters only if the distribution of net worth matters, if highly indebted players face different constraints from players with low debt.
Since individual operators might face different constraints such as available spectrum licenses, technologies, cost structures or a low energy footprint, the EU FP7 CARrier grade wireless MEsh Network (CARMEN) project has developed a carrier-grade heterogeneous multi-radio back-haul architecture which may be deployed to extend, complement or even replace traditional operator equipment.
Better to pace oneself and to have a graduated series of responses to ratchet up the pressure on Mr Putin.Fourth, leaders said they faced different legal constraints on how far they could go in targeting individuals, who had to be identified as having a direct role in the annexation of Crimea.
In the production of public goods, governments at different levels face different risk constraints.
In a scenario with more than one agent, agents may face different participation constraints due to different wage tax rates applicable to each agent.
After controlling the firm size, growth power as well as other variables which also have great impact on the financing structure decision of the company, we find out from the empirical results that the effects of diversification degree on capital structure are disparate for firms facing different financing constraints.
Wild bird and domestic bird populations represent two different ecosystems: natural and artificial respectively, in which influenza viruses face different ecologic constraints such as host population structure density, and opportunities for virus transmission [ 45].
This may be because carnivores face different ecological constraints, which do not require these skills, as for carnivores food does not remain stable and needs to be chased down wherever it is found.
Thus, it is likely that LPAI viruses and HPAI viruses are adapted respectively to natural and artificial ecosystems in which they face different ecologic constraints such as host population structure, density and genetic diversity, and optimal opportunities for virus transmission.
