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Third, the draft questionnaire was translated from English to French and Spanish and back-translated and was culturally validated (assessed for cultural appropriateness) by recent migrant mothers (face validation).
The face validation process involved five game players.
We describe the development and face validation of a pediatric pyeloplasty simulator using a low-cost laparoscopic dry-laboratory model developed with 3-dimensional (3D) printing and silicone modeling.
Validation is generally accomplished by verifying each stage of the DSS by face validation and predictive validation.
The questionnaire was fully validated by the principal investigator 6 months prior to the study for content and face validation.
Face validation is the technique by which a system is evaluated by the feedback from several experts.
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Face-to-face validation of the final version was made to ensure that it was conceivable and had satisfactory internal consistency.
The construction of the study-specific questionnaire in close cooperation with the gynaecological cancer survivors, comprehensive face-to-face validation and the use of a privately answered questionnaire lowered the risk for measurement errors and eliminated interviewer-induced bias.
In their paper on the process of translating and validating the PACIC into Danish, Maindal et al. found that it had good face validity and the internal validation endorsed the five proposed scales [ 32].
Essentially, both farmers and veterinarians accepted the concourse by face-validation, i.e. farmers before the interview sessions and veterinarians before and during the sorting process.
Fifth, following the face-validation of the concourse each interview session with the 11 farmers included three thematic questions: What about animal welfare and herd health?
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