Fifty-three friend friend pairs engaged in problem-focused discussions in an ICT-mediated or face-to-face context.
Building trust online is a long process, lots of talking & meeting to make up for the lack of our usual signals that we get in a face-to-face context, when we have more sources of information about whether a potential lawyer is trustworthy enough.
In the Turkish university (University A) the two contexts are: a face-to-face context (A_f2f) and a distance education context (A_distance).
In the face-to-face context most assessments are conducted in a proctored face-to-face environment, though there is some use of projects, essays and oral presentations.
In the Bulgarian university (University B) the two contexts are: a face-to-face context (B_f2f) and a blended learning context (B_blended).
In the face-to-face context in University A, the teachers thought that cheating was common, and usually serious, though, perhaps, sometimes to be tolerated: Cheating is quite common in formal education.
The teachers in the face-to-face context in University B saw cheating, and particularly plagiarism, as a significant problem: Plagiarism, transcription and other forms of fraud in higher education assessment are certainly becoming more common.
For example, in a face-to-face context, deceivers may try to limit fidgeting and/or posture shifts, thereby displaying more "stillness" during a lie in an attempt to inhibit overt signs of deception [28].
In the face-to-face context in University A the teachers thought that such a system would reduce cheating, but one teacher's experience of issues arising from the use of other plagiarism detection software prompted a degree of caution: Making the students type their answers and informing them that their keystrokes and syntactic patterns are recorded would be really helpful to prevent cheating.
