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To examine whether there were any correlations between the magnitude of the angry face effect and brain activity levels, we used the mean behavioural dprime score across all face loads for each emotional expression condition to calculate difference scores for angry minus happy and angry minus neutral face contrasts (based on the angry face advantage observed in the behavioural results).
They all report exogenous attention biases toward emotional symbols, an "angry face advantage" being reported.
Namely, on the one hand, some behavioral and electrophysiological studies have shown a so called happy face advantage (e.g. [ 16, 18- 20], that is, faster responses to happy expression relative to negative expressions.
This pattern of self-face advantage persisted in European Americans during the low-threat condition, while Chinese participants regained self-face advantage during the low-threat condition.
In addition, these findings are in accordance with Ma & Han's (2010) implicit positive association (IPA) theory of self-face advantage.
We found that European Americans, unlike Chinese participants, did not show a "boss effect" and maintained the self-face advantage even in the presence of their supervisor's face.
However, in Chinese participants, this self-face advantage is lost in the presence of one's supervisor, and they respond faster to their supervisor's face than to their own.
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MA of Applied Linguistic, Maquarie University, Australia