Most recently, through advanced fabrication techniques, it is even possible to fabricate nanostructures with controllable internal defects such as twin boundaries (TBs) [3, 4].
Meanwhile, artificially nanostructured materials have attracted considerable attention as a means of fabricating nanostructures with unique properties.
With this technique, there are no principal limitations to fabricate nanostructures with different layouts down to several nanometer dimensions.
The rapid advancement in lithography methods for fabricating nanostructures with controllable dimensions and geometry has triggered increased research in magnetic nanostructures.
On the other hand, in order to fabricate nanostructures with a wide range of geometries, much larger pitch is required for a number of applications.
For low dimensional nanostructures, the morphology, structure, and size may sensitively affect the properties of nanostructures, so it is of high importance to fabricate nanostructures with designed morphology and size in a controlled way.
Single-atom manipulation, which was first introduced by Eigler et al. and realized experimentally on Ni (111) surface with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip, provides a way to fabricate nanostructures with atomic precision [1 7].
Direct electron beam writing of metallic nanostructures using metallorganic compounds as precursors offers a method of fabricating nanostructures with a reduced number of processing steps compared with conventional electron beam lithography (EBL).
However, due to the small dimensions concerned, it is very difficult to fabricate nanostructures with controllable and uniform cross-sectional area, to which some effort has been directed [8].
Among the various techniques reported in the literature, electrospinning has gathered significant interest because of its ability to fabricate nanostructures with unique properties such as a high surface area and inter/intra fibrous porosity.
