As may be expected for such individuals, the prevalence of meniscal extrusion was low, predominantly involving partial extrusion.
Furthermore, inheritance of CDVR has been calculated and it has been postulated that, by selecting dogs for breeding with few, or no CDVR, the prevalence of disc extrusions in the Dachshund population may be reduced.
It has been postulated that, by selecting dogs for breeding with few, or no CDVR, the prevalence of disc extrusions in the Dachshund population may be reduced [ 8, 9].
When the oocytes were cultured for 2 hours (corresponding to 44 h after PMSG injection), Shb −/− oocytes had an increased prevalence of polar body extrusion (Fig. 5B) compared to controls, this observation being in line with what was observed at 14 h in the superovulation study (Fig. 4).
This fact might be one of the reasons of the high prevalence of vaginal mesh extrusion.
In the present study, individuals with early radiographic changes had a greater prevalence of medial meniscal extrusion than did those with no radiographic changes.
In our case, the use of an excessive amount of surgical glue (Histoacryl) might be also helping in the high prevalence of vaginal mesh extrusion.
We found in this study that medial tibial bone area and osteophytes were also significantly associated with the prevalence of medial meniscal extrusion, suggesting that subchondral bone expansion may play an important role in the initiation not only of cartilage damage [ 15, 17] but also of meniscal extrusion.
The data show that the participants with and those without medial meniscal extrusion were similar in terms of age, sex, family history of OA, height, prevalence of knee pain, baseline cartilage volume, and change in tibial bone area.
The prevalence of radiographic detectable intervertebral disc calcifications was calculated from one hundred surgeries for disc extrusion, performed in 95 Dachshunds, in order to determine if the disc causing clinically significant IVDD, had radiographic signs of calcification at the time of confirmed disc extrusion.
