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Some courts will enforce initially suspect transactions when several extrinsic elements are present in combination.
A complex situation has arisen with respect to the two most generally available extrinsic elements, the seal and the payment of a nominal consideration.
Other extrinsic elements, either alone or in combination with reliance, a seal, or a nominal consideration, may also render a transaction enforceable.
Although different dimensions of reading motivation are evident across studies, the well-accepted theoretical constructs of reading motivation as comprising both intrinsic and extrinsic elements tend to dominate (Guthrie et al. [1999]; Wigfield and Guthrie [1997]).
They write that research into extrinsic elements often results in an attempt to establish some causality between the extrinsic elements and a work.
As such, they reject stylistic studies which focus mainly on "peculiarities of style" or which are linked to extrinsic elements.
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Various states of the United States no longer consider the seal as an effective extrinsic element.
Another kind of extrinsic element recognized by some courts, especially in the common-law countries, is one party's reliance upon the promise of the other.
This paper contributes to this topic by developing a detailed micro-modeling method using extrinsic cohesive elements.
Oxidation of carbon nanomaterials is a simple approach to increasing MWNTs' work function without introducing extrinsic metallic elements or altering the nanotubes' morphology; however, few experiments have been conducted to study the mechanism by which different types of oxygen-containing functional groups increase the work function of MWNTs.
Light offers wavelength-dependent interactions with tissue that yield unique contrast mechanisms for imaging; scattering, absorption, and fluorescence of intrinsic and extrinsic tissue elements reveal information on structure, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular function.
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