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Various states of the United States no longer consider the seal as an effective extrinsic element.
Another kind of extrinsic element recognized by some courts, especially in the common-law countries, is one party's reliance upon the promise of the other.
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Some courts will enforce initially suspect transactions when several extrinsic elements are present in combination.
Other extrinsic elements, either alone or in combination with reliance, a seal, or a nominal consideration, may also render a transaction enforceable.
A complex situation has arisen with respect to the two most generally available extrinsic elements, the seal and the payment of a nominal consideration.
P. Wong, "A compact virtual-source model for carbon nanotube field-effect transistors in the sub-10-nm regime--Part II: Extrinsic elements, performance assessment, and design optimization," IEEE Trans.
Although different dimensions of reading motivation are evident across studies, the well-accepted theoretical constructs of reading motivation as comprising both intrinsic and extrinsic elements tend to dominate (Guthrie et al. [1999]; Wigfield and Guthrie [1997]).
They write that research into extrinsic elements often results in an attempt to establish some causality between the extrinsic elements and a work.
As such, they reject stylistic studies which focus mainly on "peculiarities of style" or which are linked to extrinsic elements.
The plasmids, transposons, and mobile chromosome cassettes that contribute to antibiotic resistance, including methicillin resistance, in Staphylococcus aureus are examples of well-studied extrinsic elements that confer antibiotic resistance [16].
and they both classify these factors as having intrinsic or extrinsic elements.
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