Assessment based on the product implies a choice of an ethical approach that only considers the extrinsic consequences of human action by making a risk-benefit analysis.
The requirement of both intrinsic and extrinsic consequences of developmental AhR activation on the increase in Tregs suggests that changes are required in both the CD4+ T cells and other cells of the organism.
The lack of selective expansion of p56Lck-deficient cells instead suggested that the increased representation of the CD44hi population was likely to be a cell-extrinsic consequence of impaired regulatory T cell activity.
Collectively, these data suggest that DNA damage (telomere malfunction) in nonmalignant epithelial cells has cell-extrinsic consequences for neighboring epithelial and stromal cells and implies that the generation of protumorigenic stromal phenotypes can occur early in tumorigenesis.
In the present study, we investigated whether activating DDR in primary human mammary epithelial cells (derived from disease-free tissues), could have cell-extrinsic consequences, resulting in induction of genes associated with protumorigenic phenotypes in adjacent fibroblasts in vitro.
We previously demonstrated that DNA damage or telomere malfunction induces an activin A-dependent epithelial stress response that activates cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic consequences in mortal, nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs and vHMECs).
Collectively, these stress-elicited extrinsic phenotypes (SEEPs) demonstrate that DNA damage has cell-extrinsic consequences that lead to reprogramming of both epithelial and stromal cells and provide novel insights into the clinical implications of these early cell-cell interactions as they contribute to premalignancy and malignancy.
These cognitive processes, occurring internally and mediated by both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, result in external behaviors whose consequences in turn further reinforce or detract from emerging career choices.
23 The system captures epidemiological information on sports injuries (location, duration and type), aetiology (intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors), consequences of injuries (eg, work/school/sports absenteeism) and the volume and type of medical treatment, using so-called injury and recovery forms.
Defects in the function of some cells are intrinsic, whereas for other cells, defects are extrinsic and possibly the consequence of the complex interactions with other cell types or the environmental milieu that is altered with aging.
According to this analysis there is no such thing as biologically independent non-genetic inheritance, all extrinsic inheritance is a consequence of traits and dispositions that are intrinsic to an organism and intrinsic design can only be explained through neo-Darwinism.
