We conducted a sensitivity analysis to assess the extent to which individual studies with extremely large RRs influenced the summary RR.
A particular diagnostic concern with regard to propensity score weighting is that observations with extremely large weights may unduly influence results and yield estimates with high variance [10], [11], [12].
We took the natural log of baseline ACR + 0.1 and baseline triglycerides + 0.1 to minimize the influence of extremely large values on the model parameter estimates.
The natural log of (urine ACR + 1) was calculated to minimize the influence of extremely large covariate values on parameter estimates in these models.
The assumption of linearity for continuously valued factors was evaluated using Generalized Additive Models (GAM) [ 35], and relevant categorical variables were created for those that were significantly non-linear at the alpha = 0.05 level, and, for adiponectin, leptin and IGF-1 to minimize undue influence by extremely large values [ 35].
This method suggested taking the natural log of (CAC+1), (CarCP+1) and (AorCP+1), (ACR+1), CRP, MDRD and CKD eGFR, the inverse of HbA1c and the inverse square root of BMI to minimize the influence of extremely large covariate values on parameter estimates in the models.
Myc is also unusual in that it binds and influences expression of an extremely large number of genes, however most often the influence on expression is surprisingly modest in the range of two-fold [2], [4] [9].
Xu Caihou, the former vice chairman of the Communist Party's powerful Central Military Commission (CMC), has admitted to accepting "extremely large" bribes and using his position to influence promotions, according to the official news agency Xinhua.
Local expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL; genetic loci influencing gene expression) with extremely large effect were used to form a classifier to predict an individual's eQTL genotype based on expression data alone.
In order to reduce the influence of some genes with extremely large genomic distance, we generated the box plots for genomic distances in each function similarity bin for each function category (see Additional file 1: Figure S4).
