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At the extreme, 'true demonstratives' like 'this' and 'that' look to be the sort of thing that can be used to refer to just about anything in just about any context — thus making it extremely difficult to characterize the way in which they refer in terms of any sort of contextually-invariant rule.
Complex environmental bacterial communities have been extremely difficult to characterize, mostly due to the limitations imposed by culture-dependent approaches [ 2].
Hence, it is extremely difficult to characterize the molecular-level surface processes by using experimental techniques, and it is also a huge computational challenge to realistically model the system.
However, it is extremely difficult to characterize this property in cellular models, primarily, because of the narrow time window between cyt. c release and caspase activation, and lack of sensitive cell-based assays to identify and distinguish direct caspase activation from indirect.
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I note that selective environments are extremely complex and difficult to characterize; they may change, for example, seasonally, and/or through the course of an individual's pre-mating life, such that different pressures may "evaluate" individual fitness at different times.
Mechanisms such as gene duplication, gene conversion, and lineage diversification underlie multigene family complexity and contribute to genetic patterns that can be extremely difficult to molecularly characterize [ 6, 7].
However, such a complex process is extremely difficult to be characterized experimentally.
This heterogeneity coupled with the inherent heterogeneity of the glycans makes it extremely difficult to practically separate and characterize these glycopeptides for preparation of a glycan library.
The poorly characterized taxonomy, which makes it extremely difficult to classify most species, microspecies, subspecies, varieties and putative hybrids (Kadereit et al. 2007; Teege et al. 2011), is a major constraint to the use of Salicornia spp. as a crop.
A nation-wide energy system characterized by a large penetration of photovoltaic and wind energy sources can therefore be extremely difficult to manage and cannot be considered dependable.
Although Ewing sarcomas are characterized by typical morphological figures and immunohistochemical markers, such as CD99, differential diagnosis may be extremely difficult to achieve.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com