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The magnitude of their effect has generally been small to moderate relative risks ranging from 0.4 to 0.9 and 1.1 to 1.6 when extreme intake levels were compared.
To take advantage of the large number of cases and to examine relative extreme intake categories, we categorised energy-adjusted magnesium intakes into deciles based on the distribution in the study population.
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Thus, repeat measurements do not necessarily provide valid measures of individual intake, extreme intakes may reflect under- and overreporting rather than true low or high intakes, and subjects most prone to reporting bias may be repeatedly misclassified in quantiles of the distribution.
However, studies using less extreme intakes have not shown the same results.
Comparing the two extreme intakes (<12%E vs >20%E), we found an increase in GWG of 36 g/week (95% CI 20 to 53).
Additionally, we excluded individuals reporting extreme intakes (>2 times the interquartile ranges) of total energy (n=4416) and dietary folate, methionine, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12 (n=1710).
In addition, we excluded individuals who reported extreme intakes (greater than twice the interquartile ranges above the 75th percentile or below the 25th percentile of sex-specific log-transformed intake) of total energy (n=1300) and total fat (n=146).
The combination of fatigue and extreme caffeine intake can produce the occasional verbal and physical tic: Summers is a chronic foot-tapper and sometimes turns over words and clauses like an engine that won't start".
Data from 11 participants (2 cases and 9 controls) reporting extreme energy intake, that is <1st or >99th percentiles were excluded from analyses.
For the analysis in this study, we excluded women with incorrect or missing personal identification numbers (n=243, 0.6%), and women who in the 1997 questionnaire reported extreme energy intake (n=502, 1.3%) or missing values on alcohol status (n=440, 1.1%).
Participants were excluded from the analyses if they had an extreme energy intake and/or expenditure (participant in the top or the bottom 1% of the distribution of the ratio of total energy intake to energy requirement) (n=9600) or if information on dietary intake and lifestyle was incomplete (n=6253).
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