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These autosomal bivalents are very similar in morphology presenting all of them abundant pericentromeric heterochromatin towards one of the two extremes (Pardue and Gall 1970; Redi et al. 2001).
However, gallers are found at both extremes - two gall-inducing lineages are exceptionally diverse (Euurina sawflies on Salicaceae and Apiomorpha scale insects on Eucalytpus), and one gall-inducing lineage is exceptionally species-poor (Maskellia armored scales on Eucalyptus).
In particular, it appears that the extreme diversity (400-500 species [ 63, 64]) of gall-inducing nematines in the subtribe Euurina (Figs. 3 and 4) has been spurred by host-shifting among Salix species.
Extreme winter low temperatures may lead to more grown gall formation this growing season.
Extreme host specificity is evident in the morphologies of galls induced on different host species, and are invariant in appearance given any particular host species affiliation.
The most extreme base composition bias and long branches are the two gall midge taxa (Cecidomyiidae).
Saw the film recently - and the gall of Trump's objectives repels me to the extreme.
The gall!
Gall bladder?
^ Gall, Carlotta.
Gall bladder and pancreas.
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