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The modulus transformation allows negative growth rates to be included, but there were extreme errors, both negative and positive, that were excluded.
Informed by the error metrics, a two-step discretization decision-making approach is proposed with the advantage of reducing extreme errors and meeting the user-specified discretization error targets.
Rare outliers caused by extreme errors in dbh measurements can skew data, so we excluded all records where growth rate was >75 mm · y−1 or decreased by >4ε, where ε is dbh error estimated from double-blind measurements of a sample of trees (Condit et al. [2004]; Condit [2012]): ε = 0.0062 d b h + 0.9.
The RMSE and the mean and median values of test-point errors were relatively insensitive to the number of GCPs above eight, but the upper range of test-point errors showed marked improvement (i.e., the number of extreme errors was reduced) as more GCPs were used for georectification.
Extreme errors were calculated for the two Architect C1600 analyzers (Jaffe) (29.2% and 31.7%) and for the Dimension Vista 1500 (Jaffe) (50.7%).
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Despite the resources lavished upon them, American intelligence services have an impressive history of extreme error.
Any stem whose later measurement fell <4σ e below the earlier measurement was considered an extreme error.
This approach can reduce disturbance from measurements with extreme error and minimize energy consumption, while providing satisfying service for various applications.
However, due to small size search range has poor candidates, a low precision and even an extreme error will be generated.
Although there are some extreme error peaks, the proposed Model B, Model C and Model D which exclude the estimation of both input variables achieved an acceptable level of prediction accuracy.
Much of her argument centers on the fact that young people, in recent elections, seem to overwhelmingly vote Democrat, and due to that extreme error in judgment (in her opinion) youth should be stripped of their right to vote.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com