All experiments were conducted following a reference design with the reference sample generated from a pool of RNA extracted from all sediment exposed worms as well as from the laboratory control.
However, the latter procedure was reported to lead to considerable degradation of polyphosphate and glucose 6-phosphate and significant reduction of NMR signals of phospholipids extracted from a calcareous sediment [4].
NERs are species of a chemical that cannot be extracted from a matrix (sediment, soil, etc).
For instance, in most papers where natural (as opposed to model) sediments were sampled, there was a variable correlation between the chlorophyll a extracted from the sediment (a biomass indicator) and the amount of colloidal carbohydrate extracted (putative sediment stabilization indicator),[3] depending whether the extracts were made from ridges or runnels of a mudflat area.
In this study, we have shown that extracts from ocean sediment derived microorganisms also provide a good source for the discovery of small molecules with antimalarial activity.
Also, sediment extracts from a Neckar River basin creek receiving treated hospital wastewater were found to exhibit strong aromatic hydrocarbon receptor-mediated effects in a rainbow trout liver cell line (RTL-W1) as well as high mutagenicity in the Salmonella microsome assay [26].
Parducci et al. [ 7] did a promising attempt to analyze short chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions in fossil pollen extracted from a Holocene lake sediment in Sweden.
We therefore decided to test the ability of extracts from marine sediment-derived actinomycetes to inhibit the human malaria parasite, P. falciparum.
Cells were extracted from the sediment following an isopycnic separation technique using silica sol Ludox HS-40 that separates the organic material from mineral particles and is, thus, able to remove microorganisms (e.g. MPB) from the sediment [ 32].
While carp are generally omnivorous, feeding significantly on plant and animal material extracted from bottom sediment, enhanced piscivorous behavior in Lake Chapala provides a most reasonable explanation for the highly elevated concentrations of total mercury relative to upper Hudson carp.
