For those subjects who provided cheek cells, DNA was extracted using QuickExtract DNA extraction solution (EpiCentre).
The RNA was extracted with peqGold RNAPure extraction solution (Peqlab Biotechnology) following the manufacturers instructions.
The sediments were extracted with additional 5 ml extraction solution at 4°C for 6 h.
Total protein was extracted from cell lines using protein extraction solution (PRO-PREP, iNtRON Biotechnology, Seongnam Si, Korea).
After 24 h, cell extracts were prepared by adding a protein extraction solution (iNtRON Biotechnology).
Total protein was extracted from samples using PRO-PREP protein extraction solution (iNtRON Biotechnology Inc., Kyungi-Do, Korea).
Total RNA was extracted from the skin of flathead using RNA extraction solution (ISOGEN, Nippon gene).
This extraction solution composition has been used successfully for extracting metabolites, while also preventing degradation.
To extract soluble PAs from Arabidopsis seeds, the same extraction solution and method were applied, except that 100-500 mg dry seeds were used as grinding samples, and 500 μL extraction solution were used.
Monkey placenta and CHO cell total proteins were extracted using PRO-PREP (Intron Biotech, Seoul) protein extraction solution.
