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The boundaries encompass the raw material extraction, production, use, and end-of-life of the processes and products required to perform each type of hysterectomy from the moment the patient enters the OR to the moment she leaves the OR, Figure 1.
A rational energy policy that took into account the environmental and health costs of extraction, production and pollution would make it at least twice as expensive (as it is in Germany).
While ZEVs have no greenhouse gases puffing out of their tailpipes (if they have one), there are still emissions associated with the extraction, production and distribution of the fuel that generates the electricity in the case of battery vehicles, or the hydrogen for fuel-cell vehicles.
The system boundaries for the LCA of the road pavement include the raw material extraction, production, maintenance, and transportation.
On a building scale, the initial EE is the energy consumed related to the extraction, production, and transportation of materials.
At present, many petroleum copmpanies in the world are facing processing problems about crude oil extraction, production and refining.
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We included hunting, drinking water extraction, crop production, fodder production, air quality regulation, carbon sequestration and recreational cycling.
Mixed phase cultures or extractions utilizing hydrophobic beads (Sepabeads SP850, Supelco) did not result in an increase in product extraction or production.
Of total timber extraction, and production of wood-based products, only part is included in national timber production statistics because data collectors relying exclusively on the STC, as data from other institutions are not currently available.
As observed in Table 1, during 20 years the initial construction phase (which includes: raw material extraction and production of the finished product) is the largest contributor to GWP, POCP, AP, and EP with respect to the maintenance.
The superstructure modeling of microalgal energy system including cultivation, dewatering, harvesting, extraction, biodiesel production, gasification and power output is achieved by using Aspen Plus® and experimental data.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com