Methods: The T11-L4 dural membranes from 5 fresh (immediately after extraction of organs for transplantation), male patients declared brain dead, ages 23, 46, 48, 55, and 60 years, were excised by anterior laminectomy.
RNA extraction – Total RNA was extracted from brains and mixed tissue of males according to a standard Trizol protocol (Invitrogen), following tissue homogenization (Tissue Tearor, Biospec Products).
Tissue samples of males still contained about 10±3%3% of the added radioactivity after the ether extraction and 67±13%3% of the radioactivity was found in the toluene suspensions.
Given the ease of sperm extraction from male birds in breeding condition, and a modest number of sampled males required for a robust estimate, this new index holds a great potential for mapping the risk of sperm competition across a wide range of passerine birds.
RNA extraction of testes was carried out by dissection of 20 Pel colony males under a dissecting microscope in 0.1% saline after immobilising adult mosquitoes on ice.
Of the patients, 397 were treated non-extraction whereas 145 were treated by extraction of the four first premolars, and 331 were female and 211 were male.
In a follow-up study, Lunell and Lunell reported the extraction of nicotine, TSNAs and metals from the same four brands by 32 male snus users [16].
Out of the 542 patients, of which 331 were female and 211 male, 427 were treated by non-extraction and 153 with extraction of the four first premolars.
Male Swiss CD1 mice (Charles River, Wilmington, MA, USA) were used for the extraction of subcutaneous adipose tissue, as previously reported.
