Additional clean-up of the extract of the samples is generally necessary prior to analysis, and MAE is not amenable to automation (online extraction and detection).
In addition, by applying multi-criteria analysis approach combined with multi-agent system, we reduce a set of extracted rules, then we eliminate the redundant rules, and the most important is the automation of rules extraction process using multi-agent system.
The global optimization allows reliable automation of the extraction task.
When subjective judgments and decision making are involved in these processes, its automation requires the extraction of implicit knowledge of the decision makers.
Compared to traditional "separatory funnel" techniques, segmented continuous flow LLE in the flow injection extraction (FIE) mode allows easy automation of multi-reagent and multi-step procedures.
Using the same reagents and disposables, eMAG™ adds further automation, allowing simultaneous extraction of 48 samples directly from primary tubes, and distribution of nucleic acid extracts on PCR strips or in tubes at the end of the extraction process.
However, both NOMAD and the various BioBrick standards are limited in their ability to assemble multiple DNA fragments in a single step, and still rely on procedures that limit their potential for automation such as extraction of DNA fragments from gels or the requirement for the design of custom primers for specific constructs [13].
The automation of the extraction process reduces the analysis time compared to that required for SPE and can also provide better accuracy, precision, and sensitivity than offline manual techniques.
These techniques have contributed to the automation of various micro-extraction techniques such as solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) or stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE).
In particular there is scope for semi-automation of DNA extraction through the use of improving extraction technologies incorporating laboratory robotics; the setup and execution of the PCR itself is similarly amenable to automation.
