The water-only sham digest controls and no-template PCR controls used with every experiment were consistently negative confirming that we were able to control contamination originating from the DNA extraction and PCR set ups.
A new envelope extraction and threshold setting strategy for selected wavelet coefficients is then introduced to retrieve the coded digital information by taking advantage of symbolic analysis.
On the second day, students finish DNA extraction, assay DNA concentration, and set up PCR.
As part of this work, I compiled a large and semantically-rich information extraction pattern set and lexicon, and will make this available to the NLP community in the near future.
Sample extraction and PCR set-up take place at separate areas of laboratory one and PCR product analysis in laboratory two.
DNA extractions and PCR set up were carried out in rooms physically separated from those in which PCR cyclings and post-PCR analysis were conducted.
Chemical forms of copper, cadmium and lead in the rhizosphere of several plant species were investigated using rhizobox cultivation, sequential extraction and a set of specially designed experiments to examine dynamic changes in metal fractionation and bioavailability in the rhizosphere, and to experimentally evaluate the factors governing the variation in metal fractionation.
Compared to the previous method using manual DNA extraction and primer/probe sets targeting the GAPDH gene, this new method increased our DNA extraction throughput by over sevenfold, and lowered the lower limit of quantitation by up to eightfold.
False positives can occur due to introduction of contamination during sample collection, DNA extraction, and PCR set-up, resulting from the presence of fungi in the environment or fungal PCR product carry-over.
Mass spectrometer parameters were 2800 V for the capillary voltage in positive-ion, electrospray (ESI+) mode with cone and extraction voltages set at 20 V and 3 V respectively.
