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This particular carbonaceous particulate matter, collected at high temperatures in cordierite diesel particulate filters (DPF), which are optimized for removing diesel particles from diesel engine exhaust emissions, appeared extremely refractory to extractions using the classical extracting conditions for these pollutants.
Therefore, the best extracting conditions for both extractants were as follows: 2 M NaOH and in a 1 5 (soil/volume of extractant) ratio; 1 M KCl and 1 5 ratio.
Based on the single-factor extracting experiment, central composite design-response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase system extracting conditions including ultrasound temperature, ultrasound time and dosage of purple sweet potato powder.
The effect of biomass pre-treatment prior to extraction and extracting conditions, namely pressure in the range of 200 500 bar, temperatures in the range of 35 65 °C and CO2 flow rate in the range of 1.38 4.02 g min−1, on SC-CO2 extraction yield and quality of lipid were investigated.
It is clearly demonstrated that when hating and ultrasonic energy are used in conjunction, a 7-fold increase (p < 0.05) in protein extraction is obtained if compared to extracting conditions for which neither heating nor ultrasonic energy are used.
In the case of extracting conditions, 191.09 mg.L−1 natural colorant anthocyanin was produced in the upper ethanol-rich phase of the aqueous two-phase system.
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It now appears unlikely that other lawmakers eager to extract conditions aimed at promoting competition and increasing service to out-of-the-way cities will be able to attach more than a few token conditions to the rescue bill.
Protosappanin B and brazilin are the main components from sappanwood in aqueous or alcoholic extract conditions [28].
The important parameters involved in E-NPCE process were optimized by single-factor experiments and then critical parameters were investigated by a 23 full factorial central composite design (CCD) to optimize extract conditions.
It was also confirmed that SAM production was improved by the accumulation of intracellular ATP, since the concentration of ATP in the yeast extract drop-out condition (0.8 μmol g CDW−1) was about 40× higher than that in the 5.0 g L−1 yeast extract condition (0.02 μmol g CDW−1) (Fig. 4b).
The maximal SAM production (315.6 mg L−1) and SAM content (86.1 mg g CDW−1) were observed using the yeast extract drop-out medium, whose levels were 1.6 and 2.5-fold higher than those in 5.0 g L−1 of yeast extract condition (189.8 mg L−1, 33.6 mg g CDW−1), respectively (Fig. 4a).
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