We extracted causes of hospitalization using International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes and calculated inpatient mortality, length of stay and cost.
From this registry we extracted causes of death as recorded as the primary cause of death [ 12] and classified the causes of death into 3 categories: (1) related to TB, (2) not related to TB, but related to HIV infection, or (3) not related to HIV or TB.
We also extracted cause of death and reason for transfer to haemodialysis when appropriate.
MetaMap did an excellent job at extracting cause of deaths from free-form text which is consistent with the results of Reid et Al [ 25].
We used FMA together with an algorithm for selecting the underlying cause of death (described in detail below) to investigate the feasibility of extracting cause of death information from GPRD using automated methods.
It is possible that the plant extract causes release of some endogenous gut stimulant mediator(s), other than cholinergic in nature.
It has been hypothesised that the alcohol content of gripe water® provides a soothing effect [ 52], the bicarbonate provides a neutralizing effect to the gastric acid [ 51], and the carminative in the plant extract causes the soothing of the infant in the presence of excess gas in the lumen that may cause pain [ 53].
extract causes the reduction of the Fe3+/ferricyanide complex to the ferrous form which reveals the antioxidative nature of the extract.
Aqueous extract causes significant reduction of plasma lipid levels, that is, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein-B decreased by 40%, 23%, 61%, and 61%, respectively, and increase in HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 by 85%and58%8%, respectively [ 88].
A recent long-term study by National Toxicology Program has demonstrated that oral administration of Ginkgo extract caused cancer of thyroid gland and liver, atrophy of the olfactory epithelium, nephropathy, and mononuclear cell leukaemia in rats and mice [ 80].
