Exact(1)
If there were special periods with extra variations for which the core model could not account, an additional spline smoother was included.
Similar(59)
A finite mixture distribution for modelling multinomial extra variation.
Results suggested that little extra variation was present for some traits formally evaluated in North America, but that genes on the X chromosome were unlikely to be the cause.
Our model focuses on the Weismann hypothesis that the extra variation caused by crossing-over and recombination during sexual reproduction allows a sexual population to adapt faster.
However, geostatistical analysis shows that the extra variation is not substantial, and there was no need for redesign of the irrigation valve areas.
This work considers an approximate Fisher scoring algorithm (AFSA) which has previously been used to fit the binomial finite mixture and a special multinomial finite mixture designed to handle extra variation.
We find, however, that the extra variation amongst the progeny produced during sexual reproduction for most model parameters is unable to overcome the effect that parents with a high individual fitness in general must mate with individuals of lower individual fitness resulting in a moderate reproductive fitness for the pair.
Extra variation may arise either from heterogeneity of individual risk levels within municipalities, or from the clustering of incidences in either space or time, or both.
Extra variation may arise either from common unobserved heterogeneity that may be dominated by gang activity, or from the spatial clustering of incidences, or both.
Later, in Section 4.5, we show that using the extra variation introduced by the experiment affects the predictive performance of the model in New Brunswick but not British Columbia, further illustrating the usefulness of our model test.
The variance is: Variance includes extra variation due to equating a mixture by a linear expectation.
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