In an extreme example, a wolf pack whose home range is traversed by a high-traffic-volume highway was extirpated due to inability to hunt successfully under a scenario wherein human presence levels were increased 10-fold.
In a recent study, we also demonstrated in advanced stages of human lupus nephritis that the DNaseI protein was nearly absent in the nephritic kidneys compared with non-nephritic kidneys and nonaffected tissue of kidneys extirpated due to cancer [ 48].
Another Cyclura species of similar size, the Anegada ground iguana (Cyclura pinguis), once occurred in the archipelago but it became extirpated due to predation by dogs, cats, and humans, habitat destruction, and competition from goats and pigs, and is now restricted to Anegada.
Desert bighorn sheep were once part of the Guadalupe Mountains ecosystem but were extirpated in the 1930s due to disease transmittance from domestic sheep and goats, habitat loss, and unregulated hunting.
These colonization events are further supported by a lack of, or weak, migration to or from South Africa during multiple periods (Table 3, Figure 5), suggesting that dusky dolphins, similar to anchovy, were extirpated from South Africa perhaps due to similar response to environmental change.
Numerous species of antbird formerly resident in the area were extirpated, in no small part due to increased levels of nest predation on the island.
Scientists believe the westslope cutthroat trout will eventually be extirpated from the large lakes in Western Montana due to the trophic cascades resulting from lake trout and mysis shrimp introductions.
For Butler, settled resentment has an important moral end in drawing men together to pursue justice, in making them fear engendering resentment in mankind due to their actions, and to extirpate moral wickedness: it is "one of the common bonds by which society is held together, a fellow feeling, which each individual has in behalf of the whole species, as well as oneself".
In South America, Bombus bellicosus was extirpated in the Northern Limit of its distribution range, probably due to intense land use and climate change effects.
Sites where these common lizards were extirpated were too hot for too many hours of the day, presumably due to increasing global temperatures, which caused lizards to seek refuge from the heat instead of spending time foraging.
In that ecosystem, cod are expected to become extirpated within the next 40 years even if cod fishing is eliminated, partly due to an increase in natural mortality rates, which may be associated with the rise in seal abundance [7].
