Sentence examples for externality situations from inspiring English sources

In positive externality situations POi should also be "nondecreasing in o" in some sense, and we now make this notion precise.

In positive externality situations Δui is increasing in si, and there exists a threshold social signal value s*, possibly with s* < 0 or s* > bi, such that a utility maximizing agent will choose option 0 if si < s* and option 1 if si ≥ s*.

This study suggests that the collective action driven by the committees has underlying motivation in a 'caring externality'; a situation in which individuals derive benefit from others having access to appropriate health services [43].

This paper describes the methodology and the results obtained in the framework of the NEEDS (New Energy Externalities Developments for Sustainability) European project, while evaluating externalities due to accidental situations.

Economists call this a negative externality, which creates market failure (a situation where unregulated markets produce inefficient outcomes).

Coleman, too, believes that norms emerge in situations in which there are externalities, i.e., in all those cases in which an activity produces positive or negative effects on other people that typically have no legal means to enforce the continuation/cessation of the activity.

The Shapley value possesses many desirable properties and becomes one of the most famous solutions for characteristic function form games. Nevertheless, the Shapley value cannot give a recommendation for the allocation of payoffs of players in the situation where externalities across coalitions are present.

Thus, the process of allocating tasks in such situations becomes difficult and will result in externalities in the supply chain trades.

These results further support the proposed use of network externalities in combination with TTF for use in adoption situations.

Clean air, for example, or, more controversially, the preservation of rare species of plant or animal.In such situations, the first reaction is frequently to legislate to try to ban the externality.

In that situation, the total amount of profit has not decreased and, without the tax, the externality of the pollution was decreased.