Exact(46)
Rochet and Tirole (2004) establish that, because pricing to one side is designed with an eye on externalities on the other side, standard pricing principles often do not apply.
We find that the local human capital level has positive externalities on participation for women, but an inconsistent effect on participation for men.
Sometimes, advocates of "sin" taxes contend that consumers of certain products impose adverse budgetary externalities on the rest of us — that if the consumption induces, say, smoking- or obesity-related illness, it raises health care costs, which we all pay for through higher taxes or insurance premiums.
This imposes externalities on those with no debt: foreclosures prompt fire sales that drive down house prices more broadly, while falling net worth induces consumers to cut back, wiping out jobs.What is needed, they argue, is to make debt contracts more flexible, and where possible, replace them with equity.
In the novel I did have to invent Auschwitz and bring it to life; I could not fall back on externalities, on so-called historical facts outside the novel; everything had to come into being hermetically, through the magic of the language and composition.
Education has significant positive externalities on society.
Similar(14)
Just as one individual can inflict an externality on another, so one side of a person's nature can inflict an "internality" on another.
Moreover, growth in one country is not, as you suggested, always a positive externality on others.
They skim the best business deals, creating a "negative externality" on those who are not party to them.
There is, however, an altogether different argument for these taxes: that when someone consumes such goods, he does impose a negative externality — on the future version of himself.
This inflicted a huge negative "pecuniary externality" on Fannie and Freddie, driving up house prices in the normally sound mortgage markets they serve.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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