Sentence examples for externalities based from inspiring English sources

Beyond the integration of the sustainability concept into energy policies through the implementation of techno-economic, environmental and/or social restrictions, other approaches propose the use of externalities –based on life-cycle emissions– to deeply take into account sustainability in the design of the future energy system.

Therefore, this paper 1) identifies a hydropower project's externalities using the Externality Theory based on analysis of input and output factors; 2) chooses or designs a specific calculation method for each externality and subsequently establishes an externality evaluation model for hydropower projects; and 3) calculates and analyses the externalities of the TGP (Three Gorges Project).

This result confirms all the research that shows the importance of externalities for activities based on innovation and technology (location and agglomeration effects), as well as the role of the regional context as a source of specific knowledge and expertise.

The former is mainly of policy relevance; both for BCA in which today often the social cost of noise is ignored [19, 47] and for the pricing of the noise externality in transportation based on the social marginal cost principle [2, 3].

This could be where the contract holder's customer demand is based on externalities which are unpredictable or otherwise out of the holder's direct control.

Bracketing arguments based on externalities, it seems perfectly plausible to maintain that the state is justified in interfering with transactions only if one party is violating the other's rights.

Based on network externalities and endogenous growth theory, our study aims to reconcile the seeming discrepancy between the recent observed evidence and the prediction by neoclassical growth theory.

The economic rationale for this pricing scheme is based on the externalities or social costs of road transport, such as air pollution, noise, traffic accidents, environmental and urban deterioration, and the extra costs and delays imposed by traffic congestion upon other drivers when additional users enter a congested road.

Based on the externality theory and the environmental value theory, the hypothesis of charging for waste dumping of open-pit metal mines was put forth.

How do customers decide when to buy the product based on two opposite externalities?   2.

How do customers decide when to buy the product based on two opposite externalities?