Sentence examples for external tree from inspiring English sources
The genetic distance between the eastern and western lineages of Seg-3 (long internal tree branches, Figure 3) was high compared to the intra-lineage distances (short external tree branches, Figure 3).
For H3N2's M1 protein, as well as for the majority of the other viral proteins examined in the study, they found heightened ratios of non-synonymous-to-synonymous substitutions on external tree branches relative to those found internally.
This distribution of deleterious mutation loads on the simulated phylogeny is consistent with the excess number of non-synonymous substitutions on external tree branches that was found for human influenza A/H3N2 (Fitch et al., 1997; Pybus et al., 2007) and arises because deleterious mutations contribute a substantial fraction of the fitness variance in the viral population.
Computing the ratio between the lengths of tree external and internal branches provides some information about the demographics of bacterial populations.
His approach starts with architecture: avoiding dark-coloured external surfaces, using trees and other shade providers, and installing proper insulation and modern windows that let in light but reflect heat.
The Fu and Li's D and F tests compare θ-W and π respectively to the number of derived unique mutations, which represent the mutations on external branches of the tree.
Indeed, since we analyzed only external branches of the tree, possible events of positive selection in the deep-branch phylogeny did not influence our results.
To evaluate the quality of a clustering solution, we measure the correspondence of a tree to external expert classifications of protein families.
We also observed a fairly pronounced increase in the rate of protein evolution on external branches of the tree, particularly the branches leading to the two SDE subspecies.
MSAs from FSA tend to overestimate the external branches of a tree, but provide underestimates of the middle and root branches.
To assess the external validity of the tree, we applied it to data from 2 independent studies with similar patient populations and calculated the resulting PPV, NPV, percentage not predictable, and percentage of patients misidentified.
