In agricultural systems, high-density monoculture crops deplete soil minerals quickly and therefore rely on external supplies for most of their nutrients, particularly nitrogen, potassium (K) and phosphorus (Amtmann et al., 2006).
Liquid propellants are fuels which do not require external supply of oxygen for combustion.
Catalysis depends on external supply of electrons for Cu2+ reduction, sources of which can be small-molecule redox mediators or partner redox-proteins15,16,17.
Certain tumor cells require an external supply of arginine for rapid proliferation and other functions and ADI-mediated arginine deprivation is effective in the treatment of such tumors (Dillon et al. 2004; Panchaud et al. 2013; Wangpaichitr et al. 2014; Patil et al. 2016a).
With the production of enzymes in the second fermentation step, the need of external supply of enzymes for hydrolysis of fiber sludge would decrease, as enzymes could tentatively be supplied through on-site enzyme production.
As the heat was generated internally by the decomposition of the liquid hydrogen peroxide, the reactor ran without external supply of heat and vaporizers for liquid reactants.
The aspects considered include: dynamic planning horizon, generic supply chain network structure, external supply of materials, inventory opportunities for goods, distribution of commodities, facility configuration, availability of capital for investments, and storage limitations.
With neoplastic progression, this requirement for an external supply of estrogen may be replaced or additionally satisfied by production of estrogen by the cells themselves (autocrine action).
Overall, the in silico analyses predicted a dependency on external supplies of amino acids for L. crispatus similar to that described for closely related lactobacilli [ 84, 95] and shows that the strains are rather similar in their biosynthetic power.
