eLogistics refers to the usage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the logistics processes of internal and external supply chains.
8 The TOC was then validated by an external group of international supply chain and evaluation experts and used as a foundation for country-specific, results-based TOCs.
IBM's vision is mirrored by many other large technology companies, and it boils down to this: Customers need to tie together their currently disconnected applications so, for example, internal and external supply-chain systems are in step with incoming customer orders.
Finally, regarding the external or supply chain initiatives, our results show that supply chain assessment has no impact on the triple bottom line, unlike supply chain collaboration which contributes to improve all three elements.
Building upon this stream of work, this study differentiates four inter-organizational new product development (NPD) strategies based on two dimensions: the external source (supply chain sources [SCS] and non-supply-chain sources [NSCS]) and form of engagement (ally and buy).
As Mr Sheffi puts it: "Nokia's heightened awareness allowed it to identify the severity of the disruption faster, leading it to take timely actions and lock up the resources for recovery".There are two types of risk in a supply chain, external and internal.
As the external sustainability of the supply chain becomes more difficult, integrating the circular economy concept into supply chain management is required to achieve an optimal balance of economic, social, and environmental benefits for a company.
The results are useful in designing SSCM strategy that could help the O&G industry address the pressure from the external factors for more sustainable supply chain practices to achieve its sustainability goals.
But, BPR alone can't fetch the desired benefits in terms of profitability and sustainability of an organization without properly addressing the issues and problems of external stake holders throughout the supply chain.
