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We argue that both patenting and external sourcing (openness) are jointly-determined decisions made by firms.
Innovation capitalists attempt to optimize the four variables reach, cost, risk, and speed that define the external sourcing continuum.
To acquire innovations along the external sourcing continuum, companies can engage intermediaries with different characteristics and roles.
The acquisition of information systems can either involve external sourcing or rely on internal development or modification.
The two approaches to external sourcing that we have examined so far offer companies a choice between raw ideas and fully baked products or companies.
A third alternative, which marries the benefits and reduces the drawbacks of the first two, falls in the middle of the external sourcing continuum.
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Report to internal and external sources.
Here, interference comes from internal rather than external sources.
Water for irrigation came from external sources.
(bottom) Neurons also receive input from external sources.
Tapping external sources of innovation can also be helpful.
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