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Transcutaneous pacing is a non-invasive external pacing technique, but it does not provide for AV synchronized pacing and it is unsuitable during surgery due to skeletal muscle stimulation [13].
Studies of rhythmic tapping behavior demonstrate that the basal ganglia exhibit greater activation when the subject is required to tap without external pacing [7],[8].
In particular, external pacing is indicated for untolerated bradyarrhythmia where medications have no effect.
Based on a fixed external pacing rate no changes in HR were observed.
In order to maintain regular heart rhythm in all patients, fixed external pacing at a heart rate (HR) between 80 and 90 beats/minute was used.
Pressure catheters and pacing leads were connected to an external pacing computer (iWorx Systems, Inc., Dover, NH, USA) to monitor the heart rate and to acquire hemodynamic signals.
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We could add sound effects to our requests for customer service: explaining to a store clerk that the ticking box attached to our chests is a new kind of external pace-maker might help speed up their responses.
Fly hearts were paced with external electrical pacing and heart function was observed immediately following and two minutes after pacing.
- Increase in heart rate by external cardiac pacing (Q-stim, Biosense Webster Inc., Diamond Bar, California, USA) connected to the stimulator output of a Physio-control Lifepack 9 defibrillator (Physio-control Inc., Redmond, Washington, USA). - Inotropic stimulation by administration of dobutamine (5 μg/kg/minute b.w. i.v).v
Such flies also display an increased failure rate when subjected to external electrical pacing (Fig. 4b; two-way anova: P < 0.0001).
Transcutaneous external cardiac pacing (TECP) provides a noninvasive, safe and rapid ventricular pacing, although there is controversy on the results observed both in hemodynamically significant bradycardia and asystole situations.
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