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The owl's auditory map room is a brain area called the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICX), as a group led by Stanford's Eric Knudsen discovered in the early 1980s.
Their location and response characteristics suggest that the vast majority of these were located in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICx).
In the next stage, signals converge across frequency in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICx), where the auditory space map is generated [22], [23].
The original survey of neurons of the auditory space-map in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICx; [7], [8]) demonstrated that the spatial receptive fields (SRFs) tended to be elongated vertically.
We investigated these alternative hypotheses in the barn owl, Tyto alba, an auditory predator whose sound localization is guided by activity on a topographic representation of auditory space in the external nucleus of its inferior colliculus [ICx], [18,19].
A neural representation of auditory space emerges in the barn owl's external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICx).
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Within the brainstem, CTb immunoreactivity was detected in a distinct fibre bundle travelling ventro-medially from the dorso-lateral border of the external cuneate nucleus towards the perihypoglossal nuclei (Fig. 2a).
Tiriac, A. & Blumberg, M. S. Gating of reafference in the external cuneate nucleus during self-generated movements in wake but not sleep.
In these slice preparations every single InM neurone responded with monosynaptic EPSPs from stimulation of the lateral border of the external cuneate nucleus.
The rodent external lateral nucleus is involved in respiratory function and in the modulation of respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia [ 35, 36].
Spinothalamic axons from lamina I ascend near the parabrachial area and are located approximately 500 μm lateral to the external lateral nucleus of the LPb (J.F. Bernard, personal communication).
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