In the 1930s, the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky argued that inner speech developed through the internalisation of "external", out-loud speech.
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He argues memory extinction could separate memories from external stimuli, like loud noises or bright lights triggering a frightful memory.
Pape et al 22 reported a decrease in the number of distractions for both sets of interventions from doctors, phone calls, visitors, wrong dose medication, emergencies, external talking, and loud noises.
Relatedly, in the "Attention to Memory (AToM) hypothesis" (Cabeza et al. 2012), the VPC supports a bottom-up system that licenses automatic capture of attention by salient external (e.g., loud noises) or internal information (e.g., when a memory "pops" into awareness).
It's more that the narrative in my head – that I look OK, that I'm good at my job, that, hey, I made a human and she's turning out to be pretty cool – is in opposition to the louder external narrative that I'm past my peak, that my body is disintegrating, my kid will soon hate me and it's all downhill from here.
She deliberately translates the thought into an external command, saying out loud, "Remember, change your password today".
The stories buried inside the book are full of despair and disappointment, but it's the external innovation that speaks loudest.
In a study of residual inhibition, in a subset of patients, external sound caused tinnitus to become louder (Roberts et al., 2006).
Mr. Richardson's lobbying campaign, which included telephone calls to OPEC ministers while they were meeting in Vienna, irritated many countries and provoked especially loud denunciations from Iran about "external pressure".
