To maintain the fuel cell temperature at the desired testing conditions, an external heater was used.
A new power supply was developed to eliminate the need for an external heater.
In SPFC system external heater for preheating oxidizer is removed and the rate of power generation increases.
A simple method for adjusting a chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) with an external heater is proposed and demonstrated in experimental.
We report on the synthesis of a variety of sub-micron size carbon structures using RF, 13.6 MHz, plasma enhanced CVD, without the use of any external heater or catalyzer precursor.
Here the cycle is ionize the gas to make the plasma, build up the current, heat the plasma with an external heater until the temperature for fusion is reached, turn off the heater, and then have the energy require to keep the temperature high generated by the fusion reaction itself.
The study on the shape memory effect of the CNT/SMP composites indicated that the CNT/SMP composites can be actuated by the resistive heating of the printed CNT layers without an external heater.
It is shown that an increase in the volume of the external heater or the cross sectional area of the annular settling zone enlarges the area of operating condition, where the crystallizer can be easily controlled.
The fuel cell body is designed to have a large thermal mass compared to an active area size of 10 cm2, which prevents self-heating and enables accurate temperature control of the fuel cell using an external heater.
