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In contrast to top-down decisions imposed on organizations, often motivated solely by management concerns or external guidelines, DDDM refers to the collection, analysis, and interpretation of agency data to objectively inform improvements in policy and practice (Mandinach 2012).
In a FAQ posted to its support site, YouTube wrote "We've updated our external guidelines to make it clear that challenges like the Tide Pod challenge or the Fire challenge, that can cause death and/or have caused death in some instances, have no place on YouTube".
In the absence of explicit, external guidelines, investigators might have taken upon themselves to determine the types of research that could be classified as exempt or non-human subject research and accordingly, decide by themselves which proposals require ethical clearance, informed consent, and the protection of confidential information.
In addition to their awareness of external guidelines on ethical publication practices (eg, GPP2), most respondents reported being aware of internal guidelines governing publication practices.
As for AMI, it was difficult to assess the number of patients treated in accordance with internal and external guidelines, for example, fraction of patients receiving thrombolysis.
To ensure respect for these rights, UNICEF's internal policies and external guidelines call for protecting the identities of children whenever publication of their stories may put them at risk.
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Organizational behaviors may move towards chaos, so organizational members tend to react by self-organizing their behaviors around attractors (self or external imposed guidelines) or minimum specifications (self or externally imposed practice rules that are simple and clear).
A checklist with relevant topics based on an existing framework of barriers [ 28], including guideline knowledge, attitude towards the guideline, external barriers to guideline adherence and suggested interventions to address the barriers, was used to structure the discussion.
For invention disclosures that satisfy both internal and external patenting guidelines, the TTOs would proceed to file patent applications, while the researchers would submit their findings for publications.
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These investigators studied how primary care doctors and nurses used external evidence-based guidelines to create "mindlines," which were internally-based, tacit guidelines that the providers socially-constructed through an iterative process [ 48].
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