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The optimum tuning frequency and damping ratio of a vibration absorber, for which the steady state response of the damped primary system excited by an external force is minimized, were determined by a numerical search procedure.
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For example, eye and lip templates are first extracted via morphological filters and the energy function resulting from internal and external forces is minimized with a gradient descent algorithm [72].
The typical scan rate was 9 Hz, and the imaging force was minimized to 0.1 nN.
The oscillating electrostatic forces are minimized by applying a compensating VDC to the tip.
The squash ball, a spherical shell of polystyrene, rubber, and aluminum, minimizes collision damage by deforming when hit by an external force and then pushing outward as soon as the external force is removed.
That is the period when an attack by an external force is more likely.
"No external force was going to stop Microsoft".
One approach to finding improved/optimal joining locations is to place the joints such that the total amount of energy input into the structure (from external forces) is lowered/minimized, thus ensuring that the performance of the structure is least affected by the structural modifications.
For a given external pressure, the material cost is minimized by minimizing the thickness of the surface layers.
External forces are often uncontrollable.
Collisions and external forces are neglected.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com