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The cytoskeleton under external fluid mechanical forces: hemodynamic forces acting on the endothelium.
Water is used as the external fluid in both hot and cold heat exchangers.
The filled membrane and the external fluid are coupled in a Dirichlet Neumann fashion.
An "axial added mass coefficient" is adopted to amend the forces caused by the external fluid.
A numerical solution has also been obtained for intraparticle diffusion with external fluid film resistance.
The first one corresponds to the direct radiation of the shell in the external fluid.
It is found that the hot-end heat exchanger is to transfer heat from refrigerant to external fluid, thus its thermal conductance should match the mass flow rate of external fluid.
The system operates as a single-phase loop or a two-phase loop depending upon the loop pressure, when other parameters such as external fluid temperatures and external fluid flow rates are kept fixed.
It is realized by adjusting the mass flow rate and temperature level of external fluid of condenser.
Passive vibration control of immersed structures in deep water subjected to the external fluid flow has rarely been studied.
The inception of cavitation in the internal fluid alone and in the external fluid alone is also possible.
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