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External costs are externalities expressed in monetary terms.
As external costs, we consider the externalities caused either by delivery vans or by customer trips to a DP.
External costs are also calculated.
The external costs are often hard to measure but are nonetheless substantial.
Another reason for preferring public provision is where "external" costs or benefits exist.
In practice, companies seeking profits can generate external costs that they do not themselves remediate.
Many industries bring the reverse: external costs, typically in the shape of pollution.
However, the appropriate free market approach to climate change involves putting a price on the external costs of climate pollution.
Economists talk of "market failure", when the external costs to nature of human activities are given no monetary value.
Results indicate that in the welfare-optimal allocation the external costs represent about 14% of the total costs (production costs plus external costs).
These external costs are in the lowest range of the external costs of advanced generation technologies indicating the outstanding environmental performance of fusion power.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com