The externalities of wind energy should be taken into account to evaluate the external cost of wind energy.
In the next year, as previously announced, we face external cost headwinds, notably from further wage inflation, the recent business rates review and exchange rate movements.
In Chechnya, that means fighting a war at great internal and external cost, instead of pursuing a political resolution that effectively manages an old ethnic division.
Robert H. Frank is right in pushing taxes that are both revenue raisers and external cost savers ("Find the Taxes That Do Double Duty," Economic View, Feb. 20).
"These diverging signals partly reflect temporary factors, but the big picture for the UK economy is of a marked rebalancing towards net trade amidst strong external cost pressures and supply-side deterioration.
So, a substantial increase in marginal external cost of CO2 emissions can be expected.
These negative effects of distribution in urban areas are expressed by external cost metrics.
The locally produced components generally remain uncompetitive with Chinese imports for all likely values of external cost, except for heavy aluminium components under high external cost assumptions.
Table 3 Marginal external cost per km with regards to CO2.
The emission trading is a discovering process for marginal external cost.
It is the difference between the direct cost and the external cost.
