Since Bailey reported in 1951 the first surgical treatment of mitral valve with mitral annulus narrowing by external constriction through left thoracotomy [ 1], several approaches and techniques for mitral valve surgery have been progressively proposed, modified, and refined, especially after the introduction of CPB (cardiopulmonary bypass).
With regard to the bladder and bowel evacuation dysfunction which also feature in the syndrome, consideration must be given to two sets of motor neurons, i.e. somatic pudendal nerves which stimulate constriction of the external sphincters of the bladder and gut, and autonomic nerves which modulate contraction of detrusor and gut smooth muscle (48).
Each monomer folds into a structure that forms an independent water channel, characterized by wide external openings and a narrow central constriction where the NPA motifs interact.
After birth, excess of smooth muscles may be involved in asthma and other lung diseases as smooth muscles have the potential to increase airway responsiveness and constriction in response to external stimuli, such as dust, allergens, cold air or stress (Lazaar, 2002; Hershenson et al., 1997; Raghu et al., 1988; Lazaar and Panettieri, 2003).
Magnetic resonance (MR) hydrography revealed the uninterrupted cystic lesion from the inguinal region to the pelvic cavity, with constrictions at the internal and external inguinal rings.
MR hydrography revealed the uninterrupted cystic lesion extending from the inguinal region to the pelvic cavity, with constrictions at the internal and external inguinal rings.
Maximum intensity projection (MIP) imaging of MR hydrography showed that the right inguinal cystic mass lesion and the intrapelvic cystic lesion together formed an uninterrupted cystic lesion measuring 13.5 cm in diameter, with constrictions at the internal and external inguinal rings (Fig. 2).
The model is applied to study the external stress assisted dislocation cross-slip and constriction process in two fcc metals, Al and Ag, exhibiting different deformation properties.
The fibers have a circumferential orientation, especially at the external layers, facilitating and making effective ductal constriction.
The fibers have a circumferential orientation, especially at the external layers, facilitating and making effective ductal constriction (Ho and Anderson, 1979).
