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Individual bacteria internally represent the external concentration of autoinducers via the level of monitor proteins.
This indicated that NUE genotype comparisons were robust and quite insensitive to the study system, nitrogen form and external concentration.
External concentration polarization was found to exhibit a relatively small effect on reducing the osmotic pressure driving force.
Simulated water flux is a result of interplay among reverse salt flux, internal and external concentration polarization (ICP and ECP).
Mathematical models predict that approximately 25% performance increase can be further achieved if the external concentration polarization (ECP) effect is minimized.
Important developmental processes, such as root-hair formation, primary root growth and lateral root formation, are particularly sensitive to changes in the internal and external concentration of nutrients.
Transgene expression did not produce one unique pattern of Mn and Zn accumulation but instead depended on the external concentration of the particular metal supplied.
Thus, the double-skinned FO membrane would have improved performance by suppressing ICP at a cost of additional external concentration polarization (ECP) at the outer surface.
A one-dimensional numerical model is developed to correct for the effects of feed-side external concentration polarization and nonlinearities in osmotic pressure as a function of salinity.
This assumption coincides with the TPM which states that inter-gel fraction is not related with external concentration but related with the membrane properties.
We tested the nitrate accumulation and found no significant difference between the nlp7 mutants and WT (Fig. 2e,f), similar to the report that nitrate uptake activity of the nlp7-1 mutatt at 5 mM 15NO3− external concentration was the same as that of WT52.
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