Indeed, facing the uncertainty inherent to cancer and its treatment could increase physicians' beliefs that life outcomes are in part controlled by external factors like chance, fate or luck.
The shockers were also significantly more trusting of others (they assumed the scientist would do the right thing) and used to following the lead of others (they believed life events were driven by external forces like luck, chance, or fate, rather than internal forces like effort and willpower).
The headache specific locus of control scale is a 33-item, 5-point Likert-type scale that assesses the degree to which the individual believes that they themselves have control over their headaches (internal locus of control), headache episodes occur by chance (external locus of control), or that health care professional can control the individual's headache (professional locus of control).
Positive correlations were obtained for both affective and cognitive psychological reactance variables, chance external locus of control, and level of adherence.
The MHLCS scores indicated that women from the most-deprived quintile placed more emphasis on both external factors and chance as controllers of health.
In fact, the available expression data is usually mixed with noise, and small fluctuations (noise) on data may induce the random variation of external parameters and chance events in biochemical reactions [ 24].
It may be argued that as time of treatment increases, PD patients seem to change their illness beliefs and rely less on human and professional aspects regarding their medical care, instead turning to beliefs of power stemming from unpredictable external factors, like chance.
People with a high internal locus of control feel more empowered to bring about this behavioural change independently, whereas those whose locus of control is located in powerful others or in chance (external locus of control) feel less empowered to bring about such behavioral change [ 26].
Consumers may be less confident, but, barring external shocks, the chances of a recession between now and the next election seem low.
