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Cd concentration increased proportional to the elevated external Cd levels, with up to 20-fold higher concentrations being observed in roots than the shoots (Fig. 1).
In contrast, the proportion of total Cd accumulation by roots that was desorbable was independent of the external Cd concentration.
In order to reach internal Cd concentrations comparable to those attained in hydroponically grown plants, higher external Cd concentrations were applied in the rockwool cultivation system to provoke Cd-induced ethylene production.
Under the same conditions, a dramatic increase in Cd accumulation was observed in both shoots and roots by changing the external Cd concentration from 0.01 to 1 μM (Fig. 1g and h).
The OsMTP1 transcript in rice plant was found to respond during external Cd stress.
Finally, the NPT levels in the roots significantly increased as the external Cd concentration did (Fig. 3b).
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The ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) of mitochondria has been an early example for elucidating the transport mechanism alternating between the external (c-) and internal (m-) states (M. Klingenberg, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1778 20088) 1978 2021).
A significant enhancement of cesium (~50 fold) or strontium (~4 fold) accumulation was observed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae on increasing the external Cs or Sr concentration from 50 μM to 100 mM suggesting a positive correlation between external metal concentration and cellular binding capacity (Heuck et al. 2010).
MATLAB also allows to call external C programs via the so-called MEX interface.
This includes 9.03% (F4) and 11.59% (F10) hemi-methylation of external C, 20.14% (F4) and 20.05% (F10) full-methylation of the internal C. Based on the MSAP patterns, various bands representing non-methylation, hemi-methylation of external C, full methylation of internal C, and full methylation of external C or both Cs (see Introduction for the rationale of band scoring) were tabulated (Table 4).
These patterns (IIB-1, + + - -, IIB-2, + - - -, IIB-3, - + - -) indicated a full methylation of external C or both Cs in the F10, present in 10.29% of the total.
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