Sentence examples for external branches from inspiring English sources

Interestingly, the N/S of the external branches of the highlander-specific lineages (ρ = 0, N/S = 0.61) was very close to that of all the 36,914 sequences (ρ = 0, N/S = 0.58) (Fig. 3C).

External branches tend to be proportionally more affected.

Strength of selection was significantly different between internal and external branches of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 phylogenetic trees.

After the removal of the external branches the mutation ratios were still higher for the younger clades.

Fu and Li's statistics contrast estimates of θ based on mutations in internal vs. external branches of the gene tree.

While SLAC, FEL and REL detect sites under selection at the external branches of the phylogenetic three, IFEL identifies such sites only along the internal branches.

In the presence of purifying selection, an excess of mutations in external branches is likely to occur as deleterious mutations are maintained at low frequencies.

Stronger selection was in general found at codons selected simultaneously at the tips and the external branches of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 trees.

It has previously been noted that external branches of the HMPV-F phylogenetic reconstruction have higher dN/dS ratios than internal branches [56].

Such noise in the data should drastically enhance the effect we describe here since it also tends to lengthen the external branches of genealogies.

Fu and Li's D* and F* tests [25] compare two estimates of θ, based on the number of mutations found in internal and external branches of the genealogy, respectively.