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However, for identifying network models time-series of cofactor concentrations have until now mainly been used in external approximation functions [ 12- 14] rather than for predicting the effect of cofactor concentrations on metabolic fluxes and intermediate concentrations.
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However, external load approximation technique seems to fit even better with the respective outcomes from the 3D analyses.
An attempt to do that was reported by Verbanac et al. (2009), but they used "a single averaged external field approximation time series to be subtracted from each observatory data series", while our approach used such time series determined for each observatory of the study.
Algorithm 2 describes the process for exchanging updated external voltage approximations with the local controllers, utilizing the dampened control values specified by (21) (the central coordinator of Fig. 2 provides a simplified view of the process).
In an economic community or union, the logic of common external tariffs, regulatory approximation, and harmonization of macroeconomic policy is taken to its full conclusion through the construction of an overarching governance framework that imposes a common economic policy system on all countries in the region.
External disturbances and approximation errors are counteracted by robust signals.
The robust controller, for his part, is then applied to adaptively estimate an unknown upper bound of the time-varying parametric uncertainties, external disturbances and approximation error of the neural network system.
Contrary to previous approaches using deterministic approximation of external loads, our proposed framework treats external loads as a stochastic input after the biomechanical model is converted into a stochastic state-space representation, which is more rational because of largely unknown knowledge of external loads of each patient's heart.
So far, appropriate mathematical models have already been developed to study the sub-critical kinetics, such as including the constant external neutron source [6], approximation models [12, 13, 14] and prompt jump approximation (PJA) [9, 15, 16].
Specifically, the building dynamical model is first decomposed into a set of approximate low-dimensional decoupled subsystems subject to the action of generalized disturbances, which include the effect of external physical disturbances, modeling approximation errors and mechanical subsystem interactions.
Without collecting new data, the bootstrap analysis may be considered the closest approximation to external replicability [ 39].
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