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The solar gains of the windows and the effectiveness of shading devices were evaluated in order to correlate solar radiation, external and indoor air temperatures.
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The effect of external and internal thermal mass on indoor air temperature for six external walls is discussed of different configurations including lightweight and heavy structures with and without external/internal insulation.
In this paper, a heat balance model coupling the external and internal thermal mass, natural ventilation rate and indoor air temperature for naturally ventilated building is developed.
Automated control systems for external shading devices to simultaneously control solar heat gain and indoor illuminance can minimize the energy use and provide visual comfort.
The building envelope plays crucial role of both protecting its occupants from external environment and controlling indoor environment to maintain indoor thermal comfort condition and energy-efficiency.
Based on this model, a simple tool is developed to estimate the indoor air temperature for certain external and internal thermal mass and to determine the internal thermal mass needed to maintain required indoor air temperature for certain external wall for naturally ventilated building.
The system window frame and rolling-shutter box are on the border between outdoor and indoor space; it represents the view to the outside and the entry of natural light in indoor spaces and a point of discontinuity and of heat loss; so a good design provides an excellent protection of indoor environments from the elements of external environment.
Outdoor and indoor dining.
World outdoor and indoor medallist at 800m.
Outdoor and indoor pools beckon everywhere.
Our venue has outdoor and indoor space.
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