These include not only external environmental abuse (like chemicals and radiation) that lead to mutagenesis but also changes that are inherent to the double-stranded DNA form itself. Indeed, several forms of non-B DNA structural conformations resulting from repeat sequences have been demonstrated to be mutagenic and cause hereditary disorders (reviewed in [1], [2]).
Far more than any English-language poet before her, she experimented with lines containing an odd number of syllables -- 9, 7, 5 or, as in "The Fish," an unlikely 1 and 3: All external marks of abuse are present on this defiant edifice.
Perhaps most tragic of all "unlovable" individuals are those who became the way they are because of some sort of external trauma or abuse.
May 3 Mr Ingram denies he had received any reports from external agencies regarding the abuse of Iraqi civilians or detainees.
But to some degree alcohol consumption may reflect external conditions, with alcohol abuse acting as the mediator through which insecurity and stress in a population elevate death rates.
In the House of Commons on Thursday, Ingram fielded questions about whether he had misled lawmakers last week when he claimed he had not received reports of abuse from "external agencies" such as the International Committee of the Red Cross and Amnesty International.
Other, external factors include drug abuse, prolonged antibiotic use, in-dwelling catheters, malnutrition, severe burns, and multiple abdominal surgeries (Azzam et al. 2009, Kelesidis and Tsiodras 2010, Anagnostakos et al. 2012).
Watch out for external signs of physical abuse such as bruises, burns, black eyes, cuts, abrasions, and other injuries.
Chronic liver injury due to causes including viral hepatitis, inherited and metabolic liver diseases and external factors such as alcohol abuse can result in the development of cirrhosis.
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells that are subjected to electrical abuse, overcharge and external short-circuit in particular, exhibit a rapid increase in cell temperature that could potentially lead to catastrophic disassembly of the cell.
